What societal factor is suggested to account for racial differences in juvenile delinquency rates?

The correct answer highlights the role of institutional racism as a societal factor that may account for racial differences in juvenile delinquency rates. Institutional racism refers to the policies, practices, and procedures of institutions that, intentionally or unintentionally, result in unequal outcomes for different racial groups. This can manifest in various areas such as law enforcement, the judicial system, education, and social services.

The impact of institutional racism can lead to disproportionate rates of juvenile delinquency among marginalized racial groups. For example, these youth may experience harsher policing practices or unequal access to resources that contribute to delinquent behavior. Additionally, systemic inequities such as unemployment, substandard housing, and lack of educational opportunities can be exacerbated by racial discrimination, creating environments where delinquency may be more likely to occur.

In contrast, while socioeconomic status, educational achievement, and urbanization might all influence juvenile delinquency rates independently, they may not capture the nuanced ways that institutional racism can specifically perpetuate disparities among racial groups. Institutional racism serves as an underlying factor that shapes how these other elements play out across different communities. Understanding this concept is critical for addressing and mitigating juvenile delinquency effectively and equitably.